February marks AMD and Low Vision Awareness Month, a time to shine a light on age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the challenges faced by people living with low vision. Awareness matters. Not just for those already affected, but for anyone at risk.
Understanding the condition, recognising early signs, and knowing where to find support can help protect eye health and quality of life.
Understanding AMD
AMD is a progressive eye condition that affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. This tiny area allows us to read, recognise faces, drive safely, and see fine details. Damage to the macula can make everyday tasks challenging, even if peripheral vision is unaffected.
There are two main forms of AMD:
- Dry AMD: the most common form, developing gradually as the macula thins over time.
- Wet AMD: less common but more severe, caused by abnormal blood vessel growth beneath the retina, which can lead to rapid central vision loss if untreated.
Understanding these differences is important, because early detection and monitoring can make a real difference in preserving vision.
Why AMD and Low Vision Awareness Matters
AMD is the leading cause of severe vision loss in people over 50 in the UK. Millions are affected:
- Around 600,000 people have wet AMD.
- Approximately 1.5 million live with dry AMD.
Despite its prevalence, many may not realise they are at risk until symptoms appear. Regular eye tests can spot changes early, even before vision loss is noticeable.
Signs to watch for
AMD often develops gradually, so early signs can be subtle. Common changes include:
- Blurred or fuzzy central vision
- Difficulty recognising faces
- Straight lines appearing wavy or distorted
- Dark or empty patches in central vision
- Trouble reading fine details
If any of these signs appear, it’s important to seek advice from an optometrist promptly.
Who is most at risk
Several factors increase the likelihood of developing AMD:
- Age: Risk rises significantly after 50
- Family history: Genetics play a role
- Smoking: Smokers are up to four times more likely to develop AMD
- High blood pressure and cardiovascular disease
- Diet and lifestyle: Low intake of leafy greens, omega-3s, and antioxidants may increase risk
Awareness of these factors helps people take preventative steps and prioritise regular eye care.
How eye tests help
Routine eye tests are more than a check of vision clarity, they can detect AMD early, sometimes before symptoms appear. Eye care professionals use tools such as:
- Visual assessments
- Retinal imaging
- Optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans
Early detection allows for monitoring and timely referral for treatment, particularly for wet AMD, helping people maintain independence and quality of life.
Raising awareness
During AMD and Low Vision Awareness Month, there are several ways individuals and organisations can make a difference:
- Encourage regular eye tests for family, friends, and colleagues
- Share educational resources from trusted organisations such as the Macular Society or RNIB
- Promote healthy lifestyle choices such as quitting smoking, eating a balanced diet, and managing blood pressure
Even simple actions, like checking in on someone’s vision or recognising early signs, can have a real impact.
AMD is a leading cause of central vision loss in the UK, but awareness, early detection, and lifestyle choices can significantly reduce its impact. By learning more, encouraging regular eye tests, and supporting those living with low vision, we can all play a role in protecting eye health.
At EyeMed UK, we help individuals and organisations prioritise eye health through accessible eyecare plans and trusted information. By guiding people on what to expect from eye tests and connecting them with appropriate care, we aim to make maintaining vision easier and more reassuring. Awareness and action today can help safeguard sight tomorrow.